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href=\"#fn2\" aria-label=\"\u53c2\u89c1\u811a\u6ce82\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u6b64\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u6700\u60e0\u56fd\u5f85\u9047\u5728\u591a\u8fb9\u8d38\u6613\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u5360\u636e\u7740\u72ec\u7279\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u8fd9\u5e76\u975e\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8be5\u539f\u5219\u6beb\u65e0\u4f8b\u5916\u3002\u81ea\u300a\u5173\u7a0e\u4e0e\u8d38\u6613\u603b\u534f\u5b9a\u300b\u8bde\u751f\u4e4b\u521d\uff0c\u4fbf\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u4e25\u683c\u9650\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u504f\u79bb\u6700\u60e0\u56fd\u5f85\u9047\uff0c\u6700\u5178\u578b\u7684\u662f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u56db\u6761\u5141\u8bb8\u5efa\u7acb\u5173\u7a0e\u540c\u76df\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u8d38\u6613\u533a\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u504f\u79bb\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u660e\u786e\u89c6\u4e3a\u4f8b\u5916\u60c5\u5f62\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7ecf\u6d4e\u903b\u8f91\u6b63\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u5176\u4e2d\u7f18\u7531\u3002\u524a\u5f31\u6216\u653e\u5f03\u6700\u60e0\u56fd\u5f85\u9047\u5fc5\u7136\u4ed8\u51fa\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4f7f\u8c08\u5224\u8fc7\u7a0b\u91cd\u9677\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u66f4\u4f1a\u52a8\u6447\u4f7f\u591a\u8fb9\u5173\u7a0e\u8c08\u5224\u5f97\u4ee5\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u521b\u65b0\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u6700\u60e0\u56fd\u5f85\u9047\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a\u7ef4\u62a4\u8d38\u6613\u8c08\u5224\u7684\u4ef7\u503c<\/h2>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u6700\u60e0\u56fd\u5f85\u9047\u4f7f\u534f\u8bae\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u8fbe\u6210\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u8c08\u5224\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u540c\u6837\u53d1\u6325\u7740\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u6700\u60e0\u56fd\u5f85\u9047\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u529f\u80fd\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u786e\u4fdd\u8c08\u5224\u8fbe\u6210\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u51c6\u5165\u627f\u8bfa\u7a33\u56fa\u4e14\u6301\u4e45\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5173\u8d38\u603b\u534f\u5b9a\/\u4e16\u8d38\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bba\u575b\uff0c\u4f7f\u5404\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u80fd\u591f\u4ea4\u6362\u5e02\u573a\u51c6\u5165\u51cf\u8ba9\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u964d\u4f4e\u8fdb\u53e3\u5173\u7a0e\u6765\u6362\u53d6\u6d77\u5916\u5e02\u573a\u51c6\u5165\u7684\u6539\u5584\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u786e\u4fe1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u51cf\u8ba9\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u968f\u65f6\u95f4\u63a8\u79fb\u800c\u53d7\u5230\u4fb5\u8680\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u60e0\u56fd\u5f85\u9047\u901a\u8fc7\u8981\u6c42\u5c06\u7ed9\u4e88\u4efb\u4e00\u6210\u5458\u7684\u5173\u7a0e\u51cf\u8ba9\u6269\u5c55\u81f3\u6240\u6709\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u7ef4\u62a4\u5e02\u573a\u51c6\u5165\u627f\u8bfa\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u6b64\u4e3e\u786e\u4fdd\u8c08\u5224\u8fbe\u6210\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u51c6\u5165\u5b9e\u73b0\u591a\u8fb9\u5316\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u907f\u514d\u56e0\u540e\u7eed\u6b67\u89c6\u6027\u534f\u8bae\u800c\u906d\u53d7\u4fb5\u8680\u3002\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u5728\u4e8e\u8d38\u6613\u8c08\u5224\u5e76\u975e\u5b64\u7acb\u8fdb\u884c\u2014\u2014\u5404\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u4f1a\u6301\u7eed\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u4f19\u4f34\u5c55\u5f00\u8c08\u5224\u3002\u82e5\u65e0\u6700\u60e0\u56fd\u5f85\u9047\uff0c\u67d0\u6b21\u8c08\u5224\u4e2d\u4e89\u53d6\u5230\u7684\u51cf\u8ba9\u4ef7\u503c\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u534f\u8bae\u6240\u524a\u5f31\u3002\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e00\u673a\u5236\u4e0e\u4e92\u60e0\u539f\u5219\uff08\u5373\u8c08\u5224\u4ee5\u5e73\u8861\u51cf\u8ba9\u4ea4\u6362\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff09\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u65f6\uff0c\u4fbf\u80fd\u5728\u65e0\u9700\u56e0\u4ed6\u56fd\u5173\u7a0e\u8c08\u5224\u800c\u6301\u7eed\u91cd\u65b0\u534f\u5546\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u957f\u671f\u7a33\u5b9a\u8c08\u5224\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5404\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u80fd\u591f\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u5c31\u9010\u9879\u4ea7\u54c1\u8fdb\u884c\u65e0\u9650\u5236\u7684\u6b67\u89c6\u6027\u5173\u7a0e\u8c03\u6574\u8c08\u5224\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5f00\u653e\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5371\u53ca\u5148\u524d\u8c08\u5224\u6210\u679c\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002\u4e00\u6b21\u8c08\u5224\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u8ba9\u6b65\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u5176\u4ed6\u5404\u65b9\u540e\u7eed\u8fbe\u6210\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u800c\u88ab\u90e8\u5206\u6216\u5b8c\u5168\u62b5\u6d88\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u6700\u60e0\u56fd\u5f85\u9047\uff08MFN\uff09\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u5173\u8d38\u603b\u534f\u5b9a\uff08GATT\uff09\u89c4\u5219\u901a\u8fc7\u786e\u7acb\u975e\u6b67\u89c6\u539f\u5219\u3001\u7ea6\u675f\u5173\u7a0e\u6c34\u5e73\u53ca\u63a8\u52a8\u591a\u8fb9\u8c08\u5224\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u6df1\u523b\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u5173\u7a0e\u8c08\u5224\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u4e0e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/h2>\n<p>\u5f53\u8003\u8651\u5173\u7a0e\u8c08\u5224\u5728\u5173\u8d38\u603b\u534f\u5b9a\u89c4\u5219\u4e0b\u5b9e\u9645\u5982\u4f55\u8fdb\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u6700\u60e0\u56fd\u5f85\u9047\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u5c31\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u6e05\u6670\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u4eca\u6700\u60e0\u56fd\u5173\u7a0e\u627f\u8bfa\u662f\u5173\u8d38\u603b\u534f\u5b9a\u4e0b\u516b\u8f6e\u591a\u8fb9\u8c08\u5224\u7684\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u4ee5\u4e4c\u62c9\u572d\u56de\u5408\u548c1995\u5e74\u4e16\u8d38\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6210\u7acb\u544a\u7ec8\u3002\u5982\u88681\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8c08\u5224\u56de\u5408\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u7279\u5f81\u662f\u540c\u6b65\u5f00\u5c55\u53cc\u8fb9\u8c08\u5224\uff0c\u5373\u5404\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u540c\u65f6\u4e0e\u591a\u4e2a\u8c08\u5224\u4f19\u4f34\u4ea4\u6362\u5e02\u573a\u51c6\u5165\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u5173\u7a0e\u524a\u51cf\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53cc\u8fb9\u8c08\u5224\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u968f\u540e\u88ab\u591a\u8fb9\u5316\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u6700\u60e0\u56fd\u5f85\u9047\u539f\u5219\u6269\u5c55\u81f3\u6240\u6709\u6210\u5458\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u88681\uff1a\u5386\u6b21GATT\u8c08\u5224\u56de\u5408\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8c08\u5224\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h3>\n<table>&#13;<\/p>\n<thead>&#13;<\/p>\n<tr>&#13;<\/p>\n<th>\u5e74<\/th>\n<p>&#13;<\/p>\n<th>\u4f1a\u8bae\/\u56de\u5408<\/th>\n<p>&#13;<\/p>\n<th>\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba<\/th>\n<p>&#13;<\/p>\n<th>\u6210\u5458<\/th>\n<p>&#13;<br \/>\n          <\/tr>\n<p>&#13;\n        <\/thead>\n<p>&#13;<\/p>\n<tbody>&#13;<\/p>\n<tr>&#13;<\/p>\n<td>1947<\/td>\n<p>&#13;<\/p>\n<td>\u65e5\u5185\u74e6\u5173\u7a0e\u4f1a\u8bae<\/td>\n<p>&#13;<\/p>\n<td rowspan=\"4\">\u4e92\u60e0\u7684\u201c\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e0e\u63d0\u4f9b\u201d\u53cc\u8fb9\u8c08\u5224\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9b\u5e94\u56fd\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u5bf9\u4ea7\u54c1\u8c08\u5224\u3002<\/td>\n<p>&#13;<\/p>\n<td>23<\/td>\n<p>&#13;<br \/>\n          <\/tr>\n<p>&#13;<\/p>\n<tr>&#13;<\/p>\n<td>1949<\/td>\n<p>&#13;<\/p>\n<td>\u5b89\u7eb3\u897f\u5173\u7a0e\u4f1a\u8bae<\/td>\n<p>&#13;<\/p>\n<td>13<\/td>\n<p>&#13;<br \/>\n          <\/tr>\n<p>&#13;<\/p>\n<tr>&#13;<\/p>\n<td>1950-51<\/td>\n<p>&#13;<\/p>\n<td>\u6258\u57fa\u5173\u7a0e\u4f1a\u8bae<\/td>\n<p>&#13;<\/p>\n<td>38<\/td>\n<p>&#13;<br \/>\n          <\/tr>\n<p>&#13;<\/p>\n<tr>&#13;<\/p>\n<td>1956<\/td>\n<p>&#13;<\/p>\n<td>\u65e5\u5185\u74e6\u5173\u7a0e\u4f1a\u8bae<\/td>\n<p>&#13;<\/p>\n<td>26<\/td>\n<p>&#13;<br \/>\n          <\/tr>\n<p>&#13;<\/p>\n<tr>&#13;<\/p>\n<td>1960-61<\/td>\n<p>&#13;<\/p>\n<td>\u65e5\u5185\u74e6\u72c4\u9f99\u56de\u5408<\/td>\n<p>&#13;<\/p>\n<td>\u4e3b\u8981\u4e3a\u201c\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e0e\u63d0\u4f9b\u201d\u8c08\u5224\uff0c\u6709\u9650\u4f7f\u7528\u7ebf\u6027\u5173\u7a0e\u524a\u51cf\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/td>\n<p>&#13;<\/p>\n<td>26<\/td>\n<p>&#13;<br \/>\n          <\/tr>\n<p>&#13;<\/p>\n<tr>&#13;<\/p>\n<td>1964-67<\/td>\n<p>&#13;<\/p>\n<td>\u65e5\u5185\u74e6\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea\u56de\u5408<\/td>\n<p>&#13;<\/p>\n<td>\u7ebf\u6027\u516c\u5f0f*<\/td>\n<p>&#13;<\/p>\n<td>62<\/td>\n<p>&#13;<br \/>\n          <\/tr>\n<p>&#13;<\/p>\n<tr>&#13;<\/p>\n<td>1973-79<\/td>\n<p>&#13;<\/p>\n<td>\u4e1c\u4eac\u56de\u5408<\/td>\n<p>&#13;<\/p>\n<td>\u745e\u58eb\u516c\u5f0f*\uff08\u542b\u4f8b\u5916\uff09<\/td>\n<p>&#13;<\/p>\n<td>102<\/td>\n<p>&#13;<br \/>\n          <\/tr>\n<p>&#13;<\/p>\n<tr>&#13;<\/p>\n<td>1986-94<\/td>\n<p>&#13;<\/p>\n<td>\u4e4c\u62c9\u572d\u56de\u5408<\/td>\n<p>&#13;<\/p>\n<td>\u6df7\u5408\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u516c\u5f0f\u4e0e\u201c\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e0e\u63d0\u4f9b\u201d<\/td>\n<p>&#13;<\/p>\n<td>123<\/td>\n<p>&#13;<br \/>\n          <\/tr>\n<p>&#13;<br \/>\n        <\/tbody>\n<p>&#13;<br \/>\n      <\/table>\n<p><sup>*<\/sup><small><em>\u6ce8\uff1a<\/em> \u80af\u5c3c\u8fea\u56de\u5408\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u516c\u5f0f\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u5173\u7a0e\u9002\u7528\u7edf\u4e00\u6bd4\u4f8b\u524a\u51cf\u3002\u4e1c\u4eac\u56de\u5408\u7684\u745e\u58eb\u516c\u5f0f\u5bf9\u9ad8\u5173\u7a0e\u7684\u524a\u51cf\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5927\u4e8e\u4f4e\u5173\u7a0e\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u538b\u7f29\u4e86\u5173\u7a0e\u79bb\u6563\u5ea6\u3002<\/small><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u5236\u5ea6\u7ed3\u6784\u4f7f\u5173\u7a0e\u8c08\u5224\u66f4\u52a0\u900f\u660e\u4e14\u51cf\u5c11\u7b56\u7565\u6027\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u65e0\u9700\u5c31\u6bcf\u5bf9\u53cc\u8fb9\u5173\u7cfb\u8fdb\u884c\u590d\u6742\u8ba8\u4ef7\u8fd8\u4ef7\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u80fd\u4ee5\u4e92\u60e0\u89c4\u8303\u4e3a\u951a\u70b9\uff0c\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u63d0\u4f9b\u548c\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e02\u573a\u51c6\u5165\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u5e02\u573a\u51c6\u5165\u7684\u201c\u4ef7\u683c\u201d\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u8c08\u5224\u66f4\u50cf\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u4ea4\u6362\u800c\u975e\u5f00\u653e\u5f0f\u8ba8\u4ef7\u8fd8\u4ef7\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ed3\u679c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u5c06\u5173\u7a0e\u8c08\u5224\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u201c\u5e02\u573a\u51c6\u5165\u96f6\u552e\u5e97\u201d\u2014\u2014\u653f\u5e9c\u5e26\u7740\u660e\u786e\u53ef\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5173\u7a0e\u51cf\u8ba9\u6765\u5230\u8c08\u5224\u684c\uff0c\u5bfb\u627e\u613f\u610f\u4ea4\u6362\u7b49\u503c\u51cf\u8ba9\u7684\u5bf9\u624b\u65b9\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u60c5\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u7b56\u7565\u6027\u62d6\u5ef6\u6216\u64cd\u7eb5\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u8f6c\u5411\u8bc6\u522b\u4e92\u5229\u4ea4\u6362\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u65e9\u671fGATT\u56de\u5408\u7684\u5f53\u4ee3\u8bb0\u5f55\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u63cf\u8ff0\u5e76\u975e\u7eaf\u7406\u8bba\u3002 <a href=\"https:\/\/cir.nii.ac.jp\/crid\/1970867909778917675\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Curzon (1965)<\/a> \u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u4e3a\u4f55\u201c\u4f4e\u5f00\u201d\u521d\u59cb\u62a5\u4ef7\uff08\u5373\u8c08\u5224\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u63d0\u4f9b\u6700\u5c0f\u5173\u7a0e\u51cf\u8ba9\uff09\u5728\u6b64\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\u610f\u4e49\u4e0d\u5927\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u653f\u5e9c\u9884\u671f\u8c08\u5224\u4f19\u4f34\u7684\u975e\u7b56\u7565\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u521d\u59cb\u62a5\u4ef7\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u6309\u9762\u503c\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8ba8\u4ef7\u8fd8\u4ef7\u7684\u8d77\u70b9\u3002\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u6258\u57fa\u56de\u5408\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u975e\u7b56\u7565\u884c\u4e3a\u5728\u5df2\u53c2\u4e0e\u8fc7\u65e9\u671fGATT\u89c4\u5219\u4e0b\u8c08\u5224\uff081947\u5e74\u65e5\u5185\u74e6\u56de\u5408\u548c1949\u5e74\u5b89\u7eb3\u897f\u56de\u5408\uff09\u5e76\u5df2\u5b66\u4f1aGATT\u89c4\u5219\u9f13\u52b1\u7684\u65b0\u8c08\u5224\u6280\u5de7\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u4e2d\u6700\u4e3a\u663e\u8457\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u652f\u6301\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u662f <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/26921829\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bagwell, Staiger \u548c Yurukoglu (2020)<\/a>\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u603b\u7ed3\u4e8e\u88682\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5ba1\u67e5\u4e86\u6258\u57fa\u56de\u5408\uff081950-51\u5e74\uff09\u7684GATT\u8c08\u5224\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u88682\uff1a\u6258\u57fa\u56de\u5408\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u8001\u624b\u201d\u4e0e\u65b0\u624b<\/h3>\n<table>&#13;<\/p>\n<thead>&#13;<\/p>\n<tr>&#13;<\/p>\n<th>\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ec4\u522b<\/th>\n<p>&#13;<\/p>\n<th>\u521d\u59cb\u5173\u7a0e\u62a5\u4ef7\u5360\u73b0\u6709\u5173\u7a0e\u7684\u767e\u5206\u6bd4<\/th>\n<p>&#13;<\/p>\n<th>\u6700\u7ec8\u5546\u5b9a\u51cf\u8ba9\u5360\u73b0\u6709\u5173\u7a0e\u7684\u767e\u5206\u6bd4<\/th>\n<p>&#13;<br \/>\n          <\/tr>\n<p>&#13;\n        <\/thead>\n<p>&#13;<\/p>\n<tbody>&#13;<\/p>\n<tr>&#13;<\/p>\n<td\/>&#13;<\/p>\n<td>\uff08\u5173\u7a0e\u62a5\u4ef7\u603b\u6570\uff09<\/td>\n<p>&#13;<\/p>\n<td>\uff08\u5173\u7a0e\u51cf\u8ba9\u603b\u6570\uff09<\/td>\n<p>&#13;<br \/>\n          <\/tr>\n<p>&#13;<\/p>\n<tr>&#13;<\/p>\n<td>GATT\u8001\u6210\u5458<\/td>\n<p>&#13;<\/p>\n<td>80.8% (11,964)<\/td>\n<p>&#13;<\/p>\n<td>80.6% (7,997)<\/td>\n<p>&#13;<br \/>\n          <\/tr>\n<p>&#13;<\/p>\n<tr>&#13;<\/p>\n<td>GATT\u65b0\u6210\u5458<\/td>\n<p>&#13;<\/p>\n<td>85.5% (5,243)<\/td>\n<p>&#13;<\/p>\n<td>81.9% (2,939)<\/td>\n<p>&#13;<br \/>\n          <\/tr>\n<p>&#13;<br \/>\n        <\/tbody>\n<p>&#13;<br \/>\n      <\/table>\n<p><small><strong>\u6765\u6e90\uff1a<\/strong> \u672c\u8868\u6e90\u81eaBagwell\u3001Staiger\u548cYurukoglu\uff082020\uff09\u5728\u7ebf\u9644\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u8868A3\u548c\u8868A2\uff0c\u5e76\u57fa\u4e8eWTO\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e0a\u516c\u5e03\u7684GATT\u8c08\u5224\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002<\/small><\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u8001\u6210\u5458\u201d\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u5373\u66fe\u53c2\u4e0e\u65e9\u671fGATT\u56de\u5408\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u5728\u62b5\u8fbe\u6258\u57fa\u65f6\u5df2\u63d0\u51fa\u4f53\u73b0\u76f8\u5f53\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5e02\u573a\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u51fa\u4ef7\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u51fa\u4ef7\u5c06\u4f7f\u5e73\u5747\u5173\u7a0e\u964d\u81f3\u73b0\u6709\u6c34\u5e73\u768480.8%\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u521d\u59cb\u51fa\u4ef7\u4e0e\u6700\u7ec8\u5546\u5b9a\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0880.6%\uff09\u975e\u5e38\u63a5\u8fd1\uff1a\u5728\u5173\u7a0e\u8c08\u5224\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6218\u7565\u8c03\u6574\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5c11\u3002\u8c08\u5224\u5e76\u975e\u4ee5\u5927\u5e45\u4fee\u8ba2\u6216\u6218\u672f\u6027\u201c\u4f4e\u5f00\u201d\u4e3a\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ee5\u5bfb\u627e\u613f\u610f\u5bf9\u73b0\u6709\u51fa\u4ef7\u7ed9\u4e88\u4e92\u60e0\u7684\u5bf9\u624b\u65b9\u4e3a\u4e3b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u201c\u65b0\u6210\u5458\u201d\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5219\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e26\u7740\u76f8\u5bf9\u8c28\u614e\u7684\u51fa\u4ef7\u8fdb\u5165\u8c08\u5224\uff0c\u63d0\u8bae\u4ec5\u5c06\u5173\u7a0e\u964d\u81f3\u73b0\u6709\u6c34\u5e73\u768485.5%\uff0c\u5e76\u9884\u671f\u8c08\u5224\u5c06\u9010\u6b65\u8d8b\u8fd1\u4e8e\u53cc\u65b9\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u6b63\u5982Curzon\uff081965\uff0c\u7b2c74\u9875\uff09\u6240\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u9884\u671f\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u51e0\u4f4dGATT\u65b0\u6210\u5458\u4e0d\u4e86\u89e3\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b0\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f4e\u51fa\u4ef7\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u53d1\u73b0\u8c08\u5224\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fbe\u5230\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u8981\u4ef7\u6c34\u5e73\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u6700\u521d\u7684\u4f4e\u51fa\u4ef7\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5176\u610f\u56fe\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8981\u4e48\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u5e26\u7740\u9ad8\u4e8e\u9884\u671f\u7684\u5173\u7a0e\u56de\u56fd\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u5728\u8c08\u5224\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u63d0\u9ad8\u51fa\u4ef7\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u5230\u8be5\u56de\u5408\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\uff0c\u65b0\u6210\u5458\u5df2\u540c\u610f\u5c06\u5e73\u5747\u5173\u7a0e\u7ea6\u675f\u5728\u73b0\u6709\u6c34\u5e73\u768481.9%\uff0c\u8fd9\u6bd4\u5176\u521d\u59cb\u7acb\u573a\u6709\u4e86\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u53d8\u52a8\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4ece\u4f4e\u5f00\u51fa\u4ef7\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u653f\u5e9c\u6700\u7ec8\u5411\u8c08\u5224\u4f19\u4f34\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u613f\u610f\u63a5\u53d7\u6bd4\u6700\u521d\u5efa\u8bae\u66f4\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u7684\u524a\u51cf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f5c\u4e3a <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coase_theorem\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u7f57\u7eb3\u5fb7\u00b7\u79d1\u65af<\/a> \u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u4ee3\u4ef7\u9ad8\u6602\u7684\u62d6\u5ef6\u751a\u81f3\u8c08\u5224\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u6218\u7565\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u800c\u8001\u6210\u5458\u5bf9GATT\u8c08\u5224\u6280\u5de7\u66f4\u4e3a\u719f\u6089\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u5df2\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e5f\u53cd\u6620\u5728\u521d\u59cb\u51fa\u4ef7\u7684\u6210\u529f\u7387\u4e0a\u3002\u8001\u6210\u5458\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u5176\u63d0\u51fa\u521d\u59cb\u51fa\u4ef7\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u4e2d\uff0c\u670967%\uff0811,964\u9879\u4e2d\u76847,997\u9879\uff09\u6210\u529f\u8fbe\u6210\u4e86\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u800c\u65b0\u6210\u5458\u7684\u6210\u529f\u7387\u4ec5\u4e3a56%\uff085,243\u9879\u4e2d\u76842,939\u9879\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5dee\u5f02\u4e0e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u89c2\u70b9\u4e00\u81f4\uff1a\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u5df2\u5c06GATT\u8c08\u5224\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u903b\u8f91\u5185\u5316\uff0c\u800c\u65b0\u6210\u5458\u4ecd\u5728\u9002\u5e94\u8fd9\u4e00\u903b\u8f91\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u4e3b\u8981\u7ed3\u8bba<\/h2>\n<p>\u6700\u60e0\u56fd\u5f85\u9047\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u4e00\u9879\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u975e\u6b67\u89c6\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5728\u591a\u8fb9\u8d38\u6613\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f5c\u7528\u8981\u6839\u672c\u5f97\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u7b80\u5316\u5173\u7a0e\u8c08\u5224\u95ee\u9898\u5e76\u7a33\u5b9a\u8c08\u5224\u51cf\u8ba9\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u6700\u60e0\u56fd\u5f85\u9047\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u4f7f\u591a\u8fb9\u5173\u7a0e\u8c08\u5224\u53d8\u5f97\u53ef\u884c\u4e14\u6301\u4e45\u3002\u6765\u81ea\u65e9\u671fGATT\u56de\u5408\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8bc1\u636e\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5236\u5ea6\u7279\u5f81\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u79ef\u6781\u5851\u9020\u4e86\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u4e2d\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u6700\u60e0\u56fd\u5f85\u9047\u662f\u4f7f\u591a\u8fb9\u8d38\u6613\u4f53\u7cfb\u6210\u4e3a\u4e92\u60e0\u5408\u4f5c\u6301\u4e45\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u521b\u65b0\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<h2>\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599<\/h2>\n<p>Bagwell, Kyle, Robert W. Staiger, and Ali Yurukoglu (2020). \u201cMultilateral Trade Bargaining: A First Look at the GATT Bargaining Records.\u201d <em>American Economic Journal: Applied<\/em> 12(3): 72-105.<\/p>\n<p>Curzon, Gerard (1965). \u201cMultilateral Commercial Diplomacy: The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and Its Impact on National Commercial Policies and Techniques\u201d. London: Michael Joseph.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>#WTO #\u535a\u5ba2 #WTO #\u7ecf\u6d4e #\u89c2\u70b9 #\u5206\u671f<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6700\u60e0\u56fd\u5f85\u9047\u539f\u5219\u662f\u300a\u5173\u7a0e\u4e0e\u8d38\u6613\u603b\u534f\u5b9a\u300b\u521b\u7acb\u5e76\u7531\u4e16\u754c\u8d38\u6613\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4f53\u73b0\u7684\u591a\u8fb9\u8d38\u6613\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5b83\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u7b80\u5355\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u975e\u6b67\u89c6\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u7ed9\u4e88\u4efb\u4e00\u8d38\u6613\u4f19\u4f34\u7684\u5173\u7a0e\u4f18\u60e0\u5fc5\u987b\u5ef6\u4f38\u81f3\u6240\u6709\u4e16\u8d38\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6210\u5458\u3002\u4f46\u5176\u2026\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[40],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8497","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-global-news"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.7.1 (Yoast SEO v25.8) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>WTO Blog | The value of the WTO: An economic viewpoint in six instalments - MORE SOURCING LTD<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/moresourcing.com\/zh\/rsmfn_16jul26_458_e-htm\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"WTO Blog | The value of the WTO: An economic viewpoint in six instalments\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The most-favoured-nation (MFN) principle is one of the cornerstones of the multilateral trading system founded by the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and embodied by the WTO. 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